How the calculators work

Every sheet on this site runs on one engine and a set of tables you can read. Nothing is official; everything is dated.

AP composites

Each section contributes (raw ÷ maximum) × weight × 100. The weights are published in each course and exam description and are exact. The composite is compared with cutoffs for 5, 4, 3 and 2. The College Board does not publish cutoffs, so ours are estimates reconstructed from released exams and the published score distributions; they are printed under every sheet with the year and refreshed each May.

SAT, PSAT, ACT, LSAT

Raw scores map to scaled scores through anchor tables built from official practice tests, interpolated between anchors and snapped to the scale’s step. Real forms differ: expect ±20–30 SAT points, ±1 ACT point, ±1–3 LSAT points. Sources: SAT — College Board Bluebook practice tests (digital SAT), upper second module; forms vary by ±20–30 points; PSAT/NMSQT — College Board PSAT practice tests (digital), upper second module; forms vary; ACT — ACT enhanced-test practice forms (2025); the classic 75/60/40/40 form differs; tables vary by form; LSAT — LSAC released PrepTests (2024–25), three scored sections; forms vary by 1–3 scaled points.

Percentiles

From the most recent published score distributions, interpolated between the points we have. They describe test-takers, not applicants to any particular college.

Grade tools

Final grade: needed = (target − current × (1 − weight)) ÷ weight. GPA: the 4.0 scale with +0.5 honors and +1.0 AP/IB when weighted. Z-score: (x − μ) ÷ σ with the normal CDF from the Abramowitz–Stegun approximation.

The AP tables in this release

Exam	5	4	3	2
AP United States History	70%	56%	42%	30%
AP English Language and Composition	72%	58%	45%	32%
AP World History: Modern	68%	55%	42%	30%
AP Biology	70%	56%	42%	28%
AP Chemistry	70%	55%	40%	27%
AP Calculus AB	68%	54%	40%	28%
AP Calculus BC	66%	52%	40%	28%
AP Psychology	75%	62%	48%	35%
AP Statistics	72%	58%	44%	30%
AP English Literature and Composition	74%	60%	46%	32%
AP United States Government and Politics	72%	58%	44%	32%
AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based	70%	55%	40%	27%
AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based	72%	58%	44%	30%
AP Physics C: Mechanics	68%	54%	40%	27%
AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism	66%	52%	38%	26%
AP Precalculus	70%	56%	42%	30%
AP Macroeconomics	72%	58%	44%	32%
AP Microeconomics	72%	58%	44%	32%
AP Human Geography	70%	56%	42%	30%
AP European History	68%	55%	42%	30%
AP Environmental Science	72%	58%	44%	32%
AP Computer Science A	72%	58%	44%	30%
AP Computer Science Principles	72%	60%	46%	34%
AP Spanish Language and Culture	74%	62%	48%	36%
AP Spanish Literature and Culture	72%	60%	46%	34%
AP French Language and Culture	74%	62%	48%	36%
AP German Language and Culture	74%	62%	48%	36%
AP Italian Language and Culture	74%	62%	48%	36%
AP Chinese Language and Culture	74%	62%	48%	36%
AP Japanese Language and Culture	74%	62%	48%	36%
AP Latin	72%	58%	44%	30%
AP Art History	72%	58%	44%	30%
AP Music Theory	72%	58%	44%	30%
AP Seminar	65%	52%	40%	28%
AP Research	65%	52%	40%	28%
AP Comparative Government and Politics	78%	65%	50%	35%
AP African American Studies	72%	58%	44%	30%

Corrections

If a table is wrong, tell us the exam and the source and it will be fixed within days; every page carries its year so you can see what you are looking at.